Homo sapiens and the Norwegian rat – Comparative Discussion
Digestives
The overall digestive tract is anatomically very similar in mice and humans. The major difference is that mice lack gall bladder. But their bile, a bodily fluid that breaks down lipids, flows from the liver to the small intestines. Mice also lack the ability to build up regurgitation due to their gullets and stomachs. The rat digestive tract is significantly shorter than the human digestive tract. Mice do not have a blind appendage at the end, as humans do.
The general structure of the respiratory system in Homo sapiens and Norwegian rat is similar. The respiratory system of the raft is significantly smaller in size. Both humans and rats breathe in oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide, just like other animals. A double respiratory system, upper and lower, exists in both. In humans, however, the right lung has three lobes, and the left lung has two lobes. In mice, the left lung has two lobes, the right lung has four lobes. Rats can also take several breaths in a minute.
Both Homo sapiens and Norwegian rats have their blood closed by a circulatory system called the circumvascular system. Both have a triple heart because they are both mammals. Both use blood to transport nutrients, waste, water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide throughout the body. The circulatory system of the raft is smaller in size. Rat caudal aorta which brings blood to the tail. This is absent from people.
Urinary system
The urinary system between humans and mice is very similar in structure and function. It is responsible for improving the metabolism of waste processes. The major organs and parts that make up the urinary system in both humans and mice are the kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra. Also, humans and mice are two examples of how waste disposal is a crucial part in maintaining homeostasis. In humans and mice, the first thing that happens in the urinary system is that blood enters the kidneys through the renal artery and exits through the renal vein. As blood passes through the kidneys, millions of nephrons or excretory tubules inside the kidneys release blood plasma, nitrogenous wastes, urea, salts, ions, glucose, and amino acids. Then the nephrons restore the substances needed by the body from the fluid and return them to the blood. Then the excrement, urine, leaves the kidneys through the ureter, which drains into the urinary bladder, where it is stored for a while. From there, the urine exits through a tube called the urethra and into the urinary tract. The urinary system of the rat and man is almost identical. The only major difference is the size of the organs between human and rat.
System of generation
A woman
In human females and mice, the main organs that make up their reproductive system consist of the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, and vagina. The difference between female rats and humans is that the vagina of rats connects to the urogenital opening and humans do not have a urogenital opening. The vas deferens is a short, muscular canal located below the urethra. Also, the vagina of rats is much shorter than the human vagina. Female rats in in female rats , the ovaries that produce egg cells (eggs) and female hormones (estrogen and progesterone) are small. and it is situated just below the kidneys within the peritoneal membrane. Also, the shape of the uterus in mice is different than in humans. In mice it is Y-shaped and in humans it is a pear-shaped organ. In addition, rats do not undergo menstruation, as humans do. However, mating is induced in mice by ovulation.
Male
In male humans and mice, the major organs that make up the reproductive system, the testes, scrotum, epididymis, prostate gland, seminiferous tubules, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, urethra, and penis. In both humans and mice, the testes are located in the scrotum, reproductive The seminiferous tubules, which are tightly packed in the testicles, are the place where sperm are produced. In mice and humans, sperm are stored in the testicles they produce seminal fluid inside the prostate and seminal vesicles. The difference between rats and humans is that rats have a urogenital opening and humans do not. Another major difference between the rat and human reproductive systems is that rats, during periods, have the ability to retract their testicles. in the abdominal cavity. Humans cannot do this.
Works Cited
BSCS Biology: A M. Approach. Columbus, OH: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 2006. Print.
Bohensky, Fred. Photo Manual and Dissection of the Pilot Rat. USA: Square One Education Guides, 2002. Print.
Kimball, John. Biology Kimball. 2010. Web. June 2, 2010.
National Kidney and Urological Diseases Information Clearinghouse. n.d. Web June 2, 2010.
Rat Breeding Guide. n.d. Web June 2, 2010.
WebMD. 2005. Web. June 2, 2010.
Damon, Alan. Biology: Upper Place (plus Standard Options) : Developed Specifically for Diploma Ib. Harlow: Heinemann, 2008. Print.
