In the human body, the stomach produces a very strong gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) that helps digest or break down food before it enters the small intestine or duodenum (the first part of the small intestine). In the stomach, a thick mucous membrane protects the stomach, from acid and enzymes, from damage to the stomach. An ulcer is when an open sore or hole forms in the lining of the stomach, intestines or esophagus (the muscular tube through which the ingested food passes from the mouth to the stomach). According to the location of the ulcer, it has a name associated with it. A peptic ulcer, which appears in the stomach, is called a gastric ulcer, and is common to men over the age of sixty. Ulcers that arise in the first part of the small intestine are referred to as duodenal ulcers. This type of ulcer is twice as common in men as in women, and occurs between the ages of 30 and 50. An esophageal ulcer occurs in the lower part of the esophagus, and is often referred to as chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It is estimated that about ten percent of Americans will develop an ulcer at some time in their lives.
In 2002, seven million people in the United were diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease or acid reflux; which takes place when the liquid material of the stomach is brought back into the gullet. The fluid inflames and damages the lining of the esophagus because it contains acid and pepsin (an enzyme that starts digesting proteins in the stomach) in the stomach . The fluid can also contain bile (a greenish-green liquid in the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and passes through the duct into the duodenum, where it helps digest food), that is, the stomach is supported by the duodenum. . This disease makes patients stomach, chest pain, difficulty breathing, chronic cough with increased production of saliva, acid or bitter in the mouth , and other symptoms. People who smoke or are alcoholics who have GERD are more likely to develop esophageal cancer. Treatment for GERD includes medication, surgery, or a combination of both. Some patients relieve low diets, and avoiding fats, are recommended for treating GERD patients.
Peptic ulcer is an infection of the stomach, mainly 70 – 90 percent, by bacteria, Helicobacter pylori or H.pylori. . Helicobacter pylori is the primary cause of gastritis. Bacteria probably acquired from contaminated food or drinking glass. Contamination can also be through the exchange of saliva from an infected person, through mouth-to-mouth. such as kissing contact. The bacteria interferes with the protective mucosa of the stomach. This damage occurs through stomach acid, and thus promotes ulcers. Other causes are also attributed to peptic ulcers. Medications to treat arthritis, such as ibuprofen (Advil), Feldene, Naprosyn, Voltaren, Indocin, Aleve, Lodine, and aspirin, are known to damage the lining of the stomach, causing ulcers. Smoking cigarettes or using Tabasco will delay the healing of the ulcer. Patients who have ulcers should avoid caffeine, acidic drinks, and alcohol, which increase the secretion of stomach acid. Avoid stress and spicy food, as both will irritate the symptoms of the ulcer. Patients who have anxiety disorders are more likely to develop peptic ulcer disease. Those who experience ulcers, have a burning pain in the upper abdomen, eat after a meal or awake for several hours. A burning sensation sometimes spreads to the back of the body. Taking antacids and milk will provide temporary relief. Antibiotics are prescribed to treat bacterial infection. This treatment may include “triple therapy”, which requires two antibiotics and one acid medication. Sometimes side effects sometimes has, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, pain and yeast infection in women. This treatment is 80 – 90 percent effective. In the worst case, patients experience black vomit < a href="https://e-info.vn/tag/bloody-stool">bloody, indicating a bleeding ulcer, which is very serious. This can cause peritonitis, a serious abdominal infection They eat through the wall of the stomach or intestine. Immediate treatment is required to prevent a life-threatening condition. Some patients may require surgery where the cause of the perforation is uncontrolled bleeding. During surgery, the ulcer is either removed, the bleeding artery tied off, or the nerve supplied by an incision at the base of the stomach.
There are many types of tests and procedures available for the diagnosis of peptic ulcers. A blood test may be taken, which may show evidence or the presence of the bacteria, Helicobacter pylori. A breath urea test can diagnose the presence of H. pylori. The patient may be required to undergo a gastrointestinal GI series or a barium x-ray of the upper stomach. He drinks the chalky liquid that surrounds the gullet, the stomach, and the upper part of the intestine. After an x-ray is taken, which examines the crater on film. Esophagogastroduodenoscope (EGD) or endoscopy is flexible and illuminated with a small camera that is passed through. throat, into the stomach and intestines. Endoscopy allows the doctor to examine the walls of the stomach and intestines. During the procedure, a biopsy sample may be taken, which evaluates for malignancy, a very rare finding. Before this is done, the patient must relax the medication. Also, the diagnosis of peptic ulcer may be related to the patient’s medical history.
