While it can be said that Friedrich Nietzsche and Sigmund Freud brought almost identical views of human nature and the society in which they lived, it must be affirmed that they lived in different societies, and their views, somewhat identical, were both prophetic. and antithetic in the times in which two men developed their ideas. Since their ideas are similar, it is wrong to say that they had similar views on human nature, since human nature is a phenomenon that is constantly evolving, given the time in which it can be found and where it either flourishes or declines. Nietzsche is far more pessimistic, with man needing to be guided by Superman, while Freud portrays the disturbed psyche to delve into the past and find reasons that can make life more vivid.
Question 1: What is human?
The bridge from Nietzsche- and what he himself to Freud- and what they felt about him, is the passage from intellectual loftiness to the everyday concern for the well-being of mind and body. However, the views of human nature were more similar, especially in the concern of pleasure and pain.
It may simply be the intellectualism of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries – but some difference between the two men tends to be a struggle for the outer person, as exemplified, namely by Nietzsche, versus a struggle for the inner person, as he warned. Freud and the principle of psychoanalysis. Human nature, as opposed to reason, is not something carved in stone, or something to be followed by tradition. He rushes through both pain and pleasure, success and failure. And yet human nature is not an individual line, but a society.
Nietzsche lived through the Industrial Revolution which saw man replaced by machines. Therefore, philosophy tried to develop its own form of man, the intellectual man, rather than the physical one. “… all these ways of thinking about measuring the value of things in terms of pleasure and pain…” (Nietzsche, p. 153) indicate that it is not so much physical pain or pleasure, but the frustration of creative impotence. The author should be alive and well. Therefore, according to Nietzsche, human nature is languishing in the sense that it lacks the strength to resist the pressure of society.
Freud also falls into the frustrations and the need for “joy”, the arduous thing that considers the superiority of nature (Freud, p. 37). If Nietzsche refers to pain, Freud mentions “the weakness of our bodies and the inadequacy of the institutions that accommodate the mutual human relationships. entities in the family , the state and society” (Freud, p. 37). By examining man and human nature for any liberty, he says that liberty is not a gift of individuals. civilization (Freud, p. 49), but a more significant and abundant freedom than civilization was before.
While Nietzsche seems to miss something “Superman”, Freud, again, wants to conclude that human nature is willing to suffer in some way, and that some pains can be alleviated. Both agree that man wanted not only nature (and religion and society to act). Both also have a sense of guilt in human nature. Both men also relate to humanity as the cause of the problems of human nature. Freud clearly declares that what we call civilization is the cause of our great misery (Freud, p. 38). Nietzsche sees this misery of human nature from the superficiality of man (Nietzsche, p. 71).
Question 2: comment on the society of his day….What values and beliefs…did Freud and Nietzsche criticize, and why?
Nietzsche sees his society as “less, almost a ridiculous race, a herd of cattle, which was bred to please, sickly, and mediocre to amuse, the sickly, and mediocre bred- of modern Europe” (Nietzsche, p. 76). Gaul was conquered by the German triumph, the various states under Caesar with Bismarck in joining the fastest chancellor of Europe. What was Nietzsche’s question about this epithet of the Europeans? In truth he objects to the order, whether nobility belongs to the common people, preferring the rich to the needy, the religious justly despising those who do not believe in their God. What he sees (and he is right, of course) is a divided society, where it is almost impossible to escape one order, one level, and ascend to another.
Freud, some years later, also sees a deficiency in his Viennese society (as, of course, in all societies of his time). History “has not increased the amount of pleasant satisfaction they expect from life nor has it made them happier…” (Freud, p. 39) At the same time, Freud sees a continuous struggle between man as man and society. all, when he says that a good part of man’s struggle is to find some kind of accommodation between the individual and the group (Freud, p. 50) .
Neither offers a good idea of what happiness includes, but both conclude there is little or no joy in their company. What men also saw was enmity towards humanity (Freud, p. 39), so that either they could not carry out what they had, or they wanted something more which could not be. Both men, without this word, agree that human nature can never be completely satisfied, but can live with what they have for a time, and then become restless, and want more, and can no longer have anything. It may be a slight digression, but this is like a little Oliver Twist exploding with the school teacher. he was just angry when Pupulus asked if he could have had more food. Human nature sees things in a sense of despair. Urban society, however, requires that this vanity be somehow hidden.
Nietzsche sees his almost universal society (Nietzsche, p. 154). At the same time, he points out that the values of his current society are based on the rule of man and the mind, as he describes, men in heavy knitwear and shirts of duty had been a net (Nietzsche, p. 154). Or is it dealing with the people who create laws and a, given the turbulent times, the rise of industrialism (and Marxian doctrine)?
Freud lived at the time of the resurgence of anti-Semitism, of course, and he sees human nature corrupted by religion (see below), and what he considers the low appreciation of earthly life brought on by Christianity (Freud, p. 38). He objects to a kind of club-and-coach approach to society, as ruled by religious people, offering a better life in the future, if only human nature conforms to its rules in the Here and Now.
Question 3: What did everyone think about religion?
Freud blamed religion for the unhappiness of many people, as did Nietzsche. Freud comments that “what good is a long life to us, difficult and barren of joys, and if it is so full of miseries that we can only save death as a deliverer?” such as sexuality, for the offense of affection. this status as man has become like a prosthetic God (Freud, p. 44). transgressions, which are to be punished by their own laws (Freud, p. 61). the human race is the highest that man can achieve (Freud, p. 57), something that religion should, but not always, preaches.
Nietzsche sees the perverted Christianity of his time./ He calls “the sacrifice of all freedom, all pride, all confidence of the spirit, at the same time slavery, mockery, self-mutilation” (Nietzsche, p. 60) He cannot understand how saints are possible, or how denial is possible of the will (Nietzsche, p., 61).
Both lived during a period when religion was a step towards political success and public outcry. However, this fervor of religion was fully permitted to the Christians. It seems strange that Nietzsche was so disgusted with certain religions and beliefs that Hitler thought he had found his soul.
If there is a community of beliefs between these two people, it is their belief that religion has failed and continues to fail man in his struggle to achieve some happiness and stability in life.
Question 4: Goals for the society from each person for the society to change their values and beliefs for the better.
Freud, for example, feels that the sense of guilt that society feels can be reduced by educating people about the role that sexuality plays in life (Freud, p. 97). “As we already know, the problem before us is the greatest obstacle to the removal of civilization – namely, the constitutional tendency of men to attack each other” (Freud, p. 108) calls the command to Love. your neighbor as yourself (Freud, p. 109). In order for the society to make better progress, the attack must stop. However, it is not clear how this is to be achieved.
Nietzsche sees honesty as a necessity for society: “If honesty is our virtue, from which we cannot escape… Well, let us work on it with all malice and love, and let us not tire ourselves of perfecting it…” (Nietzsche, p. 155). He warns against accepting the “morality” of one nation as the rules for all others. In the English tradition, morals are harsh (Nietzsche, p. 157).
Men patrons of education – Fraud, as mentioned above, education about sexuality in our lives, Nietzsche as a form of change and self-confidence. However, the approach and the potential solutions to bad people and human nature, and therefore reason, are completely different. Nietzsche is the prophet of wrath, the Jeremiah of his time. Freud tends to be more of a healer. He sees misery and distrust and anger as potential solutions. Nietzsche simply affirms that evil and pettiness of man is an inescapable but real part of his nature. Nietzsche, growing up in Imperialist Germany, rejected the popular idea of mixing classes and races. He is certainly right in those opinions. He sees no future in human equality. In fact, he calls his society one of semi-barbarism (Nietzsche, p. 151) He also has no great love for literary figures such as Voltaire and Shakespeare. Volt a man of good wisdom, and he comes out in an enigma and an omen, when he says that we reach a certain happiness only when we are in danger (Nietzsche, p. 153).
He would like to call a football player a point about human nature. They point to flaws, and Freud tries to find them, at least to heal them. According to both, the human spirit is simply not raised, and frustrations and unhappiness continue to prevent human nature from finding happiness.
WORKS CITED:
Freud, Sigmund: On Civilization and its Discontents New York: W.W. Norton (1961)
Nietzsche, Friedrich: Good and Evil New York: Vintage Books (1989)
