All children have placed something strange in their mouths at one time or another. It’s not uncommon for a young child to sample a bit dirt or paste, and discover that the taste is unpleasant. However, when a child suffers from an unusual eating disorder known as PICA, they crave unusual substances that are not food.
PICA is defined as “a disorder marked by the eating of substances that provide no nutritional value.” (eatingdisorders.about.com) While most people would never consider consuming items such as feces, hair, rocks, clay, etc., those dealing with this unusual eating disorder will gladly eat it, and in fact, crave more. It should be mentioned that for this unusual behavior to be classified as a true eating disorder, one must show a continued pattern of unusual substance consumption for at least one month. It should also be noted that this eating disorder only applies to people that are at an appropriate age; old enough to know that what they are eating is not actually food.
According to Kids Health.org, an estimated 25% – 30% of children will be affected by PICA at some point. This unusual eating disorder may include the consumption of any of the following:
– Dirt, clay, sand, or soil
– Leaves
– Hair
– String
– Feces (animal or human)
– Chalk
– Buttons
– Cigarette butts
– Paint chips
– Pebbles and/or rocks
– Paste or glue
– Light bulbs (YES! Light bulbs)
* In essence, any substance that is placed in the mouth and consumed, and is not food, can be included in this list.
Typically, PICA is most commonly seen in children with developmental disabilities or mental retardation. It can also occur in children with autism, epilepsy, or who have suffered trauma or injury to the brain. It can accompany other behavioral changes, and should be reported to a physician once it has been discovered.
PICA can occur in people of all ages; however it is most commonly seen in children. Pregnant women have been known to have cravings for dirt and/or soil, which is a separate eating disorder known as Geophagy. However, they can also experience odd cravings for the substances listed above. Report these cravings to your doctor IMMEDIATELY.
It is not known exactly what causes the unusual eating disorder known as PICA, however, some believe that it is a lack of nutrients or a deficiency in the diet. Others blame a behavior problem or a mental imbalance. Since PICA is so commonly seen in children with mental instability, this diagnosis seems to be the most logical explanation.
Because of the odd nature of the substances consumed, PICA should be treated as an urgent matter. If you suspect your child may suffer from this unusual eating disorder, contact your physician immediately. Some of the possible dangers that one can experience with PICA include:
– Poisoning
– Bowel blockage or obstruction
– Infection
– Intestinal perforation
– Dental or oral injury
Your doctor can help determine the best treatment option for your child. It should be noted, that PICA is an eating disorder that your child will likely outgrow. Until that time, however, your doctor may recommend a mental evaluation, possibly prescribe medication, and assist with educating your child on the importance of healthy eating habits.
If at any time you suspect you child has consumed a poisonous substance, contact Poison Control immediately at (800) 222-1222.
SOURCES:
http://eatingdisorders.about.com/od/othereatingdisorders/a/pica.htm
http://kidshealth.org/parent/emotions/behavior/pica.html
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001538.htm
