To simplify things lets say that there are two distinctive types of surfboards long and short. Long-boards in general are eight to fourteen feet long, or around three feet taller than the rider . Theses are broad generalizations because it really depends who you talk to in the surfing world. Long boards were the first surfboards used and they were made out of wood. Probably why some people still call them logs today.
Typically Long boards are used in smaller surf and are a good boards to start on for beginners, because they are easier to stand on and catch waves. They have more flotation, more contact with the water therefore the notion that the board will move in a forward motion with ease. These boards come in many shapes, with numerous tail and fin variations. Mostly your choice will depend on your athletic ability, previous surfing experience and of course the wave you intend to ride. Many of us choose a board that is specific to the area that we think we will be surfing most often. Speaking from experience, having a board that is designed for the area you will be surfing in makes all the difference! If you are a beginner you may want to consider a board that is very durable and possibility has a soft top. Getting hit on the head by a 10 foot long board your first time out can change your whole outlook on surfing.
Short Boards are typically under 8ft long and also come in an endless amount of shapes colors and styles. These days you can also find short boards that beginning surfers can handle and actually catch waves with. They are soft-tops with plenty of flotation that offer an alternative for surfers that find it difficult to handle a long board. Yes surfboards have different bottoms also, but mainly you need to know long and short boards and which one you think you might be suited for.
Its always best to consult your local surf shop as to what board they might recommend for you. Most times they can be helpful and can recommend a board that suits your body style and abilities. When buying a board think about the safety aspects of surfing. If you know nothing about surfing its best to find a professional to teach you the basics. Surfboards can be expensive, but if you think about it. You may pay 300-500 dollars for a good board that will last you for several years. You will surf 100s of waves on one surfboard, so 500 dollars isn’t really that much money if you count how many waves you will surf on it!
Take your time when buying a board . Try not to get pressured into a board that might not work for you, or is way beyond your surfing ability to surf on. Try to rent a board similar to the one you would like to buy. No need to worry if you bought a board that you cant handle take good care of it sell it for one that works for you!